Name

Description

Syntax

ABS 

Returns the absolute value of a number. The absolute value of a number is the number without its sign.

ABS(number)

ACOS 

Returns the arccosine, or inverse cosine, of a number. The returned angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi.

ACOS(number)

The argument must be from -1 to 1.

ACOSH 

Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number. The number must be greater than or equal to 1.

ACOSH(number)

ACOT 

Returns the inverse cotangent (the arccotangent) of a number.

ACOT(number)

ACOTH 

Returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a number.

ACOTH(number)

AGGREGATE 

Returns an aggregate in a list or database.

Reference form: AGGREGATE(function_num, options, ref1, [ref2], …)

Array form: AGGREGATE(function_num, options, array, [k])

The function_num argument specifies which function to use.

The options argument defines which values to ignore during calculation.

Ref1, [ref2], … specify numeric arguments for the function when the reference form is used (you can supply up to 253 ref arguments).

The array argument specifies an array, an array formula, or a reference to a cell range when the array form is used. [k] is the second argument required for the following functions: LARGE, SMALL, PERCENTILE.INC, QUARTILE.INC, PERCENTILE.EXC, and QUARTILE.EXC.

ARABIC 

Converts a Roman numeral to an Arabic numeral.

ARABIC(text)

ASIN 

Returns the arcsine, or inverse sine, of a number. The returned angle is given in radians in the range -pi/2 to pi/2.

ASIN(number)

The argument must be in the range of -1 to 1.

ASINH 

Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.

ASINH(number)

ATAN 

Returns the arctangent, or inverse tangent, of a number. The returned angle is given in radians in the range -pi/2 to pi/2.

ATAN(number)

ATAN2 

Calculates the arctangent (or inverse tangent) of the specified x- and y-coordinates. The returned angle is given in radians between -pi and pi, excluding -pi.

ATAN2(x_num, y_num)

ATANH 

Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number. The number must be between -1 and 1 (excluding -1 and 1).

ATANH(number)

BASE 

Converts a number into text representation with a given base.

BASE(number, radix [min_length])

The number must be a positive integer less than 2^53. Radix is the base that you want to convert the number into. Must be an integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 36. Min_length is the minimum length of the returned string. If this parameter is specified, leading zeros are added to the result if necessary.

CEILING 

Returns a number rounded up, away from zero, to the nearest multiple of significance.

CEILING(number, significance)

The number is the value to round, the significance is the multiple to which you want to round. If the number is negative, and the significance is negative, the value is rounded down, away from zero. If the number is negative, and the significance is positive, the value is rounded up towards zero.

CEILING.MATH 

Rounds a number up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

CEILING.MATH(number, [significance], [mode])

The number is the value to round, the optional significance parameter is the multiple to which you want to round. The optional mode parameter affects negative numbers only and specifies whether the number is rounded toward or away from zero.

CEILING.PRECISE 

Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

CEILING.PRECISE(number, [significance])

COMBIN 

Returns the number of combinations for a given number of items.

COMBIN(number, number_chosen)

Number is the total number of items, and number_chosen is the number of items in each combination.

COMBINA 

Returns the number of combinations (with repetitions) for a given number of items.

COMBINA(number, number_chosen)

Number is the total number of items, and number_chosen is the number of items in each combination.

COS 

Returns the cosine of an angle specified in radians.

COS(number)

COSH 

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

COSH(number)

COT 

Returns the cotangent of an angle specified in radians.

COT(number)

COTH 

Return the hyperbolic cotangent of a number.

COTH(number)

CSC 

Returns the cosecant of an angle specified in radians.

CSC(number)

CSCH 

Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle specified in radians.

CSCH(number)

DECIMAL 

Converts text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number.

DECIMAL(text, radix)

DEGREES 

Converts radians into degrees.

DEGREES(angle)

EVEN 

Returns a number rounded up to the nearest even integer.

EVEN(number)

Regardless of the sign of the number, the value is rounded up when adjusted away from zero. If the number is an even integer, no rounding occurs.

EXP 

Returns e raised to the power of number. The constant e equals 2.71828, the base of the natural logarithm.

EXP(number)

FACT 

Returns the factorial of a number.

FACT(number)

The number is nonnegative. If the number is not an integer, it is truncated.

FACTDOUBLE 

Returns the double factorial of a number.

FACTDOUBLE(number)

FLOOR 

Rounds a number down, toward zero, to the nearest multiple of significance.

FLOOR(number, significance)

The number is the value to round, and the significance is the multiple to which you want to round.

FLOOR.MATH 

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

FLOOR.MATH(number, [significance], [mode])

The number is the value to round, and the significance is the multiple to which you want to round. The optional mode parameter specifies the direction (toward or away from 0) to round negative numbers).

FLOOR.PRECISE 

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded down.

FLOOR.PRECISE(number, [significance])

GCD 

Returns the greatest common divisor of two or more integers.

GCD(number1, [number2], …)

INT 

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.

INT(number)

ISO.CEILING 

Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

ISO.CEILING(number, [significance])

The number is the value to round, and the optional significance is the multiple to which you want to round. If the significance is omitted, the default value is 1.

LCM 

Returns the least common multiple of integers.

LCM(number1, [number2], …)

LN 

Returns the natural logarithm of a number.

LN(number)

The number is the positive real number.

LOG 

Returns the logarithm of a number to the base you specify.

LOG(number, [base])

The number is the positive real number. The base parameter is the base of the logarithm. If it is omitted, the base is assumed to be 10.

LOG10 

Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.

LOG10(number)

The number is the positive real number.

MDETERM 

Returns the matrix determinant of an array.

MDETERM(array)

MINVERSE 

Returns the inverse matrix for a matrix stored in an array.

MINVERSE(array)

MMULT 

Returns the matrix product of two arrays. The result is an array with the same number of rows as array1 and the same number of columns as array2.

MMULT(array1, array2)

The number of columns in array1 must be the same as the number of rows in array2, and both arrays must contain only numbers.

MOD 

Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor.

MOD(number, divisor)

The number is the number for which to find the remainder, and the divisor is the number by which you want to divide the number. The result has the same sign as the divisor.

MROUND 

Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple.

MROUND(number, multiple)

The number is the value to round, and the second parameter is the multiple to which you want to round the number. The function rounds up, away from zero, if the remainder of dividing the number by multiple is greater than or equal to half the value of the multiple.

MUNIT 

Returns the unit matrix for the specified dimension.

MUNIT(dimension)

MULTINOMIAL 

Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers.

MULTINOMIAL(number1, [number2], …)

ODD 

Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer.

ODD(number)

PI 

Returns the number 3.14159265358979, the mathematical constant pi, accurate to 15 digits.

PI()

POWER 

Returns the result of a number raised to a power.

POWER(number, power)

The number is a real number, and the power is the exponent to which the number is raised. You can use the “^” operator instead.

PRODUCT 

Multiplies all numbers given as arguments and returns the product.

PRODUCT(number1, [number2], …)

If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in the array or reference are multiplied. Empty cells, logical values, and text are ignored.

QUOTIENT 

Returns the integer portion of a division.

QUOTIENT(numerator, denominator)

RADIANS 

Converts degrees to radians.

RADIANS(angle)

RAND 

Returns an evenly distributed random real number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1. A new random real number is returned every time the worksheet is calculated.

RAND()

RANDBETWEEN 

Returns a random integer number between the numbers you specify. A new random integer number is returned every time the worksheet is calculated.

RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)

ROMAN 

Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text.

ROMAN(number, [form])

ROUND 

Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

ROUND(number, num_digits)

If num_digits is 0, the number is rounded to the nearest integer. If num_digits is greater than 0, the number is rounded to the specified number of decimal places. If num_digits is less than 0, the number is rounded to the left of the decimal point.

ROUNDDOWN 

Rounds a number down (toward zero) to a specified number of digits.

ROUNDDOWN(number, num_digits)

If num_digits is 0, the number is rounded down to the nearest integer. If num_digits is greater than 0, the number is rounded down to the specified number of decimal places. If num_digits is less than 0, the number is rounded down to the left of the decimal point.

ROUNDUP 

Rounds a number up (away from zero) to a specified number of digits.

ROUNDUP(number, num_digits)

If num_digits is 0, the number is rounded up to the nearest integer. If num_digits is greater than 0, the number is rounded up to the specified number of decimal places. If num_digits is less than 0, the number is rounded up to the left of the decimal point.

SEC 

Returns the secant of an angle specified in radians.

SEC(number)

SECH 

Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle specified in radians.

SECH(number)

SERIESSUM 

Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula.

SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients)

SIGN 

Determines the sign of a number. Returns 1 if the number is positive, zero (0) if the number is 0, and -1 if the number is negative.

SIGN(number)

SIN 

Returns the sine of an angle specified in radians.

SIN(number)

SINH 

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.

SINH(number)

SQRT 

Returns a positive square root.

SQRT(number)

SQRTPI 

Multiplies a specified number by pi and returns the square root of the product.

SQRTPI(number)

SUBTOTAL 

Returns a subtotal in a list or database.

SUBTOTAL(function_num,ref1,[ref2],…)

Function_num is the number that specifies the calculation type. Possible values for the function_num argument are listed in the following table:

SUM 

Adds all numbers that you specify as arguments.

SUM(number1,[number2],…)

Each argument can be a range, a cell reference, an array, a constant, a formula, or the result from another function. If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference are counted. Empty cells, logical values, or text are ignored.

SUMIF 

Adds cells specified by a given condition or criterion.

SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

Range is the range of cells you want evaluated by criteria. Criteria is a number, expression, cell reference, text, or function that defines which cells to add. The optional sum_range parameter specifies the actual cells to add. If it is omitted, cells specified in the range argument are added.

SUMIFS 

Sums all cells that meet multiple criteria.

SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], …)

Sum_range is the range of cells to sum. Criteria_range is the cell range in which to evaluate the specified criteria. The criteria is a number, expression, cell reference or text that defines which cells in the criteria_range argument should be added.

SUMPRODUCT 

Returns the sum of the products of the corresponding ranges or arrays.

=SUMPRODUCT(array1, [array2], [array3], …)

The array arguments must have the same dimensions. Array entries that are not numeric are treated as zeros.

SUMSQ 

Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments.

SUMSQ(number1, number2, …)

You can also use a single array or a reference to an array instead of arguments separated by commas. Empty cells, logical values, text, or error values in the array or reference are ignored.

SUMX2MY2 

Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.

SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y)

SUMX2PY2 

Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.

SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y)

SUMXMY2 

Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays.

SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y)

TAN 

Returns the tangent of an angle specified in radians.

TAN(angle)

TANH 

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.

TANH(number)

TRUNC 

Truncates a number to an integer by removing the fractional part of the number.

TRUNC(number, [num_digits])